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Infrastructure and Application Modernization · Modernizing applications

L8. Compute: Compute Engine, Cloud Run, GKE, and App Engine

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Google Cloud provides compute options from raw VMs to fully serverless. The Digital Leader exam tests when to use Compute Engine, GKE, App Engine, and Cloud Run based on control needs and operational overhead.

Compute Engine (IaaS)

Compute Engine provides virtual machines on Google's infrastructure. You choose machine type, OS, storage, and networking. Key features:

  • Machine types: general-purpose (N2, E2), compute-optimized (C2), memory-optimized (M2), accelerator-optimized (A2 for GPU)
  • Preemptible/Spot VMs: up to 91% discount; Google can stop them at any time with 30-second notice
  • Live migration: Google migrates VMs during maintenance without downtime
  • Managed Instance Groups (MIGs): auto-scale groups of identical VMs; support auto-healing
Use when: migrating on-premises VMs, running OS-level software, need full control of the environment.

Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)

GKE is a managed Kubernetes service for deploying containerized applications. Two modes:

  • Standard mode: you manage worker nodes; more control over configuration
  • Autopilot mode: Google manages the entire cluster (nodes, scaling, security); you pay for pod resource requests only
Use when: deploying containerized workloads that need container orchestration, microservices, or workload portability.

Cloud Run

Cloud Run is a fully managed serverless platform for deploying containerized applications. Key characteristics:

  • No cluster or VM management
  • Scales to zero (no requests = no cost)
  • Request-based pricing or minimum instances
  • Supports any language/framework via containers
  • Rapid scaling: handles spikes in seconds
Use when: deploying stateless containerized services where you want zero operational overhead.

App Engine

App Engine is Google's original PaaS offering for deploying web applications without managing infrastructure. Two environments:

  • Standard: language-specific runtimes (Python, Java, Go, PHP); scales to zero; fastest cold starts
  • Flexible: Docker container; more control; does not scale to zero
Use when: web applications, mobile backends, and APIs where you want to focus purely on code.

Cloud Functions

Cloud Functions is a serverless function-as-a-service (FaaS) for event-driven code execution. Use when: responding to events (HTTP, Pub/Sub, Cloud Storage), running short-lived tasks.

Compute Selection Guide

ServiceControl LevelOperational OverheadBest For
Compute EngineHighHighLift-and-shift, full OS control
GKE StandardMediumMediumContainer orchestration
GKE AutopilotLowLowManaged containers
Cloud RunMinimalMinimalStateless containerized services
App EngineMinimalMinimalWeb apps, APIs
Cloud FunctionsMinimalMinimalEvent-driven serverless
Exam tip: Cloud Run = stateless containers, scales to zero. GKE = Kubernetes orchestration. App Engine = web apps, code-only deployment. Cloud Functions = event-driven short tasks.

Exam Focus Points
  • Compute Engine is IaaS: full VM control; Spot VMs offer up to 91% discount with potential interruption
  • GKE Autopilot is a fully managed Kubernetes cluster where Google manages nodes, scaling, and security
  • Cloud Run runs containerized services with zero infrastructure management and automatic scale-to-zero
  • App Engine is PaaS for web apps; Standard scales to zero; Flexible uses Docker containers
  • Cloud Functions is event-driven serverless for short tasks triggered by HTTP, Pub/Sub, or Cloud Storage
Knowledge Check

1. A development team wants to deploy a containerized microservice that automatically scales to zero when there are no requests. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

2. Which GKE mode lets Google fully manage the worker nodes, scaling, and security of the Kubernetes cluster while you only define workloads?

Recommended: Pluralsight

Reinforce these lessons with Pluralsight's Google Cloud paths: structured video courses, GCP console labs, and practice exams for the Digital Leader certification.

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